Electric motor and magnet transmission for motor vehicle

ABSTRACT

A motor vehicle having an electric motor driving a permanent magnet power transmission connected to the gear box of the vehicle. The magnet power transmission has first and second disk assemblies. A copper member on the first disk assembly faces a plurality of permanent magnets located in bores in the second disk assembly. A control assembly operatively connected to the second disk assembly selectively moves the second disk assembly and magnets toward and away from the first disk assembly to vary the flux between the first disk assembly and second disk assembly.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application claims the priority of U.S. Application Ser. No. 61/342,744 filed Apr. 19, 2010.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to motor vehicles with electric motors and magnet power transmissions connecting the electric motors to the automatic or manual transmissions of the vehicles.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Electric motors have been used to operate motor vehicles. The electric motors are connected to conventional power transmissions and clutch units to operate motor vehicles. Permanent magnet couplings have been utilized to apply a load on a motor after the motor is at full speed.

K. J. Lamb in U.S. Pat. No. 5,668,424 discloses a magnetic coupler having a magnetic disk supporting permanent magnets located adjacent an electroconductive plate. The magnetic disk is free to rotate as an independent idler. An electro conductive plate mounted on a spline is moved relative to the magnetic disk to control the air gap and magnetic flux between the magnetic disk and the electroconductive plate to provide speed adjustment of the load while the motor operates at constant speed.

V. Dombrovski et al in U.S. Pat. No. 6,054,788 discloses a magnetic power transmission having first and second shafts drivably connected with a plurality of first and second permanent magnets. The magnets have alternating polarity magnetic surfaces. The first and second magnets are separated by an air gap so that rotation of one of the magnets urges synchronous rotation of the other magnets.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The invention comprises an electric motor for a motor vehicle combined with a permanent magnet power transmission that controls the speed of the motor vehicle. The magnet power transmission has a first disk assembly having a copper plate located adjacent a second disk assembly having a plurality of permanent magnets. The first disk assembly is drivably connected to the electric motor which rotates the first disk assembly. The second disk assembly is movably mounted on a shaft to alter the air gap between the copper plate and second disk assembly to change magnetic driving force between the copper plate and the permanent magnets. Controls operated by the vehicle driver regulate the speed of the electric motor and the relative position of the second disk assembly to the copper plate.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a motor vehicle equipped with the electric motor and magnet power transmission of the invention;

FIG. 2 is a foreshortened diagram of the motor vehicle and electric motor and magnet power transmission of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is an enlarged top plan view, partly sectioned, of the electric motor and magnet power transmission of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is an enlarged sectional view taken along line 4-4 of FIG. 2;

FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along line 5-5 of FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along line 6-6 of FIG. 4;

FIG. 7 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the magnet disk assembly for the magnet power transmission of the invention;

FIG. 8 is a front elevational view of FIG. 7;

FIG. 9 is a rear elevational view of FIG. 7;

FIG. 10 is a side elevational view of the right side of FIG. 7;

FIG. 11 is an enlarged sectional view taken along line 11-11 of FIG. 8;

FIG. 12 is a view similar to FIG. 3 showing an alternative embodiment of the magnet power transmission connected to an electric motor;

FIG. 13 is foreshortened diagram of a motor vehicle having a magnet power transmission connected to an electric motor;

FIG. 14 is an enlarged sectional view taken along line 14-14 of FIG. 13;

FIG. 15 is a sectional view taken along the line 15-15 of FIG. 14;

FIG. 16 is a sectional view taken along the line 16-16 of FIG. 14;

FIG. 17 is a perspective view of a motor vehicle having a further embodiment of a magnet power transmission connected to an electric motor;

FIG. 18 is a foreshortened diagram of the motor vehicle of FIG. 17;

FIG. 19 is a side elevational view of the combined magnet power transmission and electric motor of FIG. 17;

FIG. 20 is a top plan view, partly sectioned, of the combined magnet power transmission and electric motor of FIG. 19;

FIG. 21 is an enlarged side elevational view of the magnet power transmission of FIG. 20;

FIG. 22 is a sectional view taken along line 22-22 of FIG. 21;

FIG. 23 is a sectional view taken along line 23-23 of FIG. 22;

FIG. 24 is a sectional view taken along line 24-24 of FIG. 21;

FIG. 25 is a sectional view taken along line 25-25 of FIG. 24;

FIG. 26 is a sectional view taken along the line 26-26 of FIG. 21; and

FIG. 27 is a modification of a disk assembly with two circular rows of permanent magnets.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The electric power system of the invention is incorporated into a motor vehicle 10, shown in FIG. 1 as a pickup truck. An example of the truck is a Ford Ranger® manufactured by the Ford Motor Company in St. Paul, Minn. Other types of pickup trucks, automobiles, motor homes and motor vehicles can be equipped with the electric power system of the invention. Motor vehicle 10 has an extended cab 11 for accommodating the vehicle operator and passengers. A box 12 for cargo is located behind the cab. Front wheels 13 and 14 and rear drive wheels 16 and 17 support vehicle 10 on a surface of a road. As shown in FIG. 2, rear wheels 16 and 17 are drivably connected to a differential 18 with axles 19 and 21. A drive shaft 22 is coupled to a five-speed manual transmission with overdrive 23. A universal joint 24 connects drive shaft 22 with transmission 23. The transmission can be an automatic transmission with overdrive.

A magnet power transmission or drive apparatus 25 operatively couples an electric motor 29 to the vehicle automotive transmission 23. Electric motor 29 is a 100 horsepower d.c. electric motor. An example of electric motor 29 is a single coil direct current permanent magnet electric motor disclosed by S. R. Gerfast in U.S. Pat. No. 6,850,019. Other types of electric motors can be used to provide power to transmission 23. As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, magnetic drive apparatus 25 has a first disk assembly 26 mounted on motor drive shaft 34 of electric motor 29. A second disk assembly 27 having permanent magnets 53-60 located adjacent disk assembly 26 is drivably coupled to the power input shaft 28 of transmission 23. Electric motor 29 rotates disk assembly 26 relative to disk assembly 27 whereby the magnetic flux or coupling between disk assemblies 26 and 27 transmits rotational power or torque to transmission 23. Returning to FIG. 2, electric motor 29 is wired to one or more batteries or electric power source 31 with a cable 32. A controller 33 regulates the electric power directed to electric motor 29 to control the power and speed of motor 29.

As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, electric motor 29 has a drive shaft 34 supporting a hub. A key 35 mounted on hub 36 extends into a groove in shaft 34 to drivably connect hub 36 to shaft 34. A bolt 37 axially connects hub 36 to shaft 34. Other structures can be used to mount hub 36 on shaft 34.

First disk assembly 26 has an annular body 38 secured to hub 36 with nut and bolt assemblies 41 and 42. As shown in FIG. 5, body 38 is a flat annular member of ferrous material, such as steel. A copper plate 39 covers the outside face of body 38. Nut and bolt assemblies 41 and 42 retain plate 39 on body 38. Electric motor 29 rotates body 38 and copper plate 39.

The transmission power input shaft 28, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, has a cylindrical end or boss 44 extended into a recess in hub 36. A thrust bearing 43 supports boss 44 on body 38. Bearing 43 is located in a central bore in body 38. Bearing 43 mounted on body 38 and boss 44 maintains shaft 28 axially aligned with electric motor shaft 34 and prevents radial shifting and tilting of disk assembly 27 relative to disk assembly 26. A spacer member or disk 46 surrounding boss 44 prevents hub 47 and body 49 from engaging copper plate 39.

Second disk assembly 27 comprises a cylindrical body 49 connected to a hub 47 with nut and bolt assemblies 51 and 52. Shaft 28 and hub 47 have cooperating axial splines 48 that allow hub 47 along with body 49 to axially slide on shaft 48 as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4. An annular plate or member 50 attached to the outside face of body 49 covers the outer ends of magnets 53 to 60. As shown in FIG. 6, a ring of a plurality of permanent magnets 53-60 are located in circumferentially spaced bores or holes in body 49. Magnets 53-60 are cylindrical neodymium magnets having uniform outer cylindrical walls located in firm surface engagement with the inside cylindrical walls of the bores in body 49. Magnets 53-60 can be coated with nickel to inhibit corrosion and strengthen the magnet material. An example of a permanent magnet is described by T. Tayu et al U.S. Pat. No. 7,147,686. Other types of permanent magnets can be mounted on body 49. Adjacent magnets have alternate or opposite North South polarities. The number, size and types of magnets used with body 49 can vary. Also, an additional circular arrangement of magnets can be added to body 49. Plate 50 attached to body 49 covers the outer ends of magnets 53-60. Body 49 and plate 50 are non-magnetic members, such as aluminum, plastic or ceramic. Hub 47 is a high strength member, such as steel. Other materials, including plastics, can be used for fabricating hub 47.

Returning to FIG. 3, a bearing 61 mounted on the outer end portion of hub 47 is surrounded with a collar 62. A snap ring 63 retains bearing 61 on collar 62. A pair of radial arms 64 and 67 are attached to opposite sides of collar 62 with bolts 66 and 68. An actuator or control assembly 69 operably connected to arms 64 and 67 operates to move disk assembly 27 between drive and nondrive positions shown in FIGS. 3 and 4. Actuator 69 has a pair of hydraulic fluid operated piston and cylinder units 71 and 72 mounted on a stationary housing 73. Rods 74 and 77 connect piston and cylinder units 71 and 72 to the outer ends of arms 64 and 67. Piston and cylinder units 71 and 72 when subjected to hydraulic fluid under pressure move second disk assembly 27 toward first disk assembly 26 to effect a magnetic coupling or drive between disk assembly 27 and disk assembly 26. A pair of coil springs 76 and 78 located between arms 64 and 67 and piston and cylinder units 71 and 72 bias second disk assembly 27 away from disk assembly 26 when the hydraulic fluid pressure supplied to piston and cylinder units 71 and 72 is released. Second disk assembly 27 is moved by springs 76 and 78 to a nondrive position as shown in FIG. 4. Electric motor operated linear actuators can be used in lieu of piston and cylinder units 71 and 72 to move disk assembly 27 between drive and nondrive positions. A single hydraulic piston and cylinder assembly can engage collar 62 to move disk assembly 27.

As shown in FIG. 2, a foot pedal 83 operably connected to a hydraulic fluid pump 84 for generating hydraulic fluid under pressure which is directed through tubes or hoses 86 to the piston and cylinder units 71 and 72. Foot pedal 83 is depressed, shown by arrow 87, to maintain operation of pump 84. Cruise: control systems can be associated with pump 84 to maintain disk assembly 27 in its driving relationship with disk assembly 26.

A second foot pedal 79 functions as an electric motor control to regulate the operating speed of motor 29. Pedal 79 is coupled to a controller, such as a potentiometer 81 operable to regulate the electric power supplied by control 33 to motor 29 to control the speed of motor 29. Pedal 79 is depressed, as shown by arrow 82, to start electric motor 29 with the magnet transmission in a nondrive condition. Electric motor 29 starts up under no load which reduces the electric energy needed to commence operation of electric motor 29. The operating speed of electric motor 29 increases in response to the depressed position of foot pedal 79. The increased operating speed of motor 29 is directly related to the speed of motor vehicle 10. When foot pedal 79 is released electric motor 29 is shut off terminating power to magnetic power transmission 25 and motor vehicle 10.

A second embodiment of second disk assembly 127 shown in FIGS. 7 to 11 comprises a cylindrical body 128 of non-magnetic material, such as aluminum, plastic or ceramic having a hub 129 with a center bore 130 for accommodating transmission input drive shaft 28. Bore 130 can have axial splines or other structures to drivably mount body 128 on shaft 28 and allow body 128 and hub 129 to axially move on shaft 28. Body 128 has two rings of cylindrical bores accommodating an outer first ring of permanent magnets 131-138 and an inner second ring of permanent magnets 139-146. A plate 147 attached with fasteners 148 to the back surface of body 129 covers the outer ends of magnets 131-146. Each magnet 131-146 has a cylindrical body located in firm surface engagement with the inside cylindrical walls of the bores in body 128. As shown in FIG. 11 body 128 has a cylindrical wall 149 with magnet 132 positioned in surface contact with wall 149. Body 128 has an inwardly directed annular lip 151. Magnet 132 has an annular rounded end section 152 engageable with lip 151 to retain magnet 132 in assembled relation with body 128. Plate 147 also holds magnet 132 within the bore in body 128.

Another embodiment of the magnet power transmission 225, shown in FIG. 12, has a first disk assembly 226 and a second disk assembly 227. The parts of magnet power transmission 225 that correspond with the parts of magnet power transmission 25, shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, have the same reference numbers with the prefix 2 and are incorporated in magnet power transmission 225. First disk assembly 226 includes a ferrous metal annular body 238 secured to a hub 236. Hub 236 is mounted on motor drive shaft 234 whereby electric motor 229 rotates first disk assembly 226. Body 238 has an inner flat face in surface contact with a flat copper plate 239.

Second disk assembly 227 includes an annular body 249 of non-magnetic material, such as aluminum, plastic or ceramic having blind holes located in a circular pattern around an outer annular portion of body 249. Permanent magnets 255 and 259 are disposed in the blind holes. The inside surface of body 249 is flat and continuous. The minimum space between disk assemblies 226 and 227 is maintained with a stop member or washer 246 connected to the inner end of shaft 228 with a bolt 245. Other types of structures can be used to maintain a space relationship between copper plate 239 and the inside face of body 249. Stop member 246 allows limited radial shifting of disk assembly 226 relative to disk assembly 227. Vibrations and forces are not transmitted between disk assemblies 226 and 227. Hydraulic units 271 and 272 operate to move disk assembly 227 toward disk assembly 226 to vary the magnet drive between disk assemblies 226 and 227 and the rotating speed of shaft 228. Springs 276 and 278 bias disk assembly 227 away from disk assembly 226 to reduce the magnet drive between disk assemblies 226 and 227 whereby reducing the rotating speed of shaft 228.

A diagram of the drive assembly of motor vehicle 300, shown in FIG. 13, includes front wheels 313 and 314 and drive rear wheels 316 and 317. A differential 318 connected to rear axles 319 and 321 transmit power from drive shaft 322 to rear wheels 316 and 317. A universal joint 324 connects drive shaft 322 to a transmission 323. Transmission is a gear box, such as a five-speed manual transmission with overdrive or an automatic transmission with overdrive.

Motor vehicle 300 is powered with an electric motor 329, such as a direct current 100 horsepower electric motor. Other types and horsepower electric motors can be used to power motor vehicle 329. Motor 329 is connected to a housing 330. Motor 329 and housing 330 are mounted on the frame of motor vehicle 300. Electric power is supplied to motor 329 with a power supply or one or more batteries 331. An electric conductor or cable 332 connects batteries 331 with motor 329. A controller 333 interposed in cable 332 is operable to regulate the operating speed of motor 329. A manual adjustable device 334, such as a potentiometer, operatively connected to a foot pedal 336 provides signals to regulate the operation of controller 333 to control the operating speed of motor 329. Foot pedal 336 is manual moved as shown by arrow 337 by the motor vehicle's operator. An automatic speed control system (not shown) can also be operatively associated with controller 333.

A magnet power transmission 338 located within housing 330, shown in FIG. 14, has a first disk assembly 339 and a second disk assembly 341. A magnet flux force transmits rotational force from disk assembly 339 to disk assembly 341. Disk assembly 339 has a circular body 342 of magnetic material, such as steel, attached to a hub 343. Hub 343 is mounted on a drive shaft 344 of motor 329. A bolt 346 retains hub 343 on the ends of drive shaft 344. A flat copper plate 347 located on the flat inside surface of body 342 is retained thereon with fasteners 348. As shown in FIG. 16, copper plate 347 is a circular member having a flat annular outer face 349. Body 342 has a center opening 351 accommodating a spacer or stop member 352 operable to prevent contact between disk assemblies 339 and 341. Stop member 352 is an ultra high density polyethylene member engageable with hub 343 and disk assembly 341. Other structures including a thrust bearing can be used to maintain the space relationship between disk assemblies 339 and 341.

Disk assembly 341 comprises a generally flat circular body 353 of non-magnetic material, such as aluminum or ceramics, joined to a hub 354. The hub can be a separate member attached to body 353. Hub 354 is mounted on an end portion of a power output shaft 356 operatively connected to transmission 323. A plurality of cooperating splines 357 on hub and shaft 356 allow disk assembly 341 to move laterally, shown by arrow 358, by action of spring 359 and piston and cylinder assembly 361. Spring 359 biases disk assembly 341 away from disk assembly 339, shown by arrows 362 to release the magnetic flux drive force between disk assemblies 339 and 341. Piston and cylinder assembly 361 has annular cylinder member 363 mounted with bolts 364 on housing 330. Member 363 has an annular chamber 366 accommodating an annular piston 367. A hydraulic fluid line or hose 369 connected to cylinder member 363 and a master cylinder 371 applies hydraulic fluid under pressure to chamber 366. A foot pedal 372 actuates master cylinder 371 to supply hydraulic fluid to cylinder 366 thereby move piston 367 which moves disk assembly 341 toward disk assembly 339. Disk assembly body 353 has a number of circumferentially spaced blind bores 372 accommodating permanent magnets 373. The magnets 373 are arranged in a circle with adjacent magnets having opposite polarity. The circular arrangement of the magnets is shown in FIG. 6, incorporated herein by reference. As shown in FIG. 15, body 353 of disk assembly 341 has a flat continuous surface 374 facing copper plate 347 that spaces magnets 373 from copper plate 347. The magnets 373 are cylindrical neodymium permanent magnets having cylindrical outer walls located in firm surface engagement with the inside cylindrical walls of bores 372 of body 353. Other types of permanent magnets can be mounted on body 353.

The electric power system having a magnet power transmission of the invention is incorporated into a motor vehicle 410, shown in FIGS. 17 and 18 as a pickup truck. An example of the truck is a Ford Ranger® manufactured by the Ford Motor Company in St. Paul, Minn. Other types of pickup trucks, automobiles, motor homes and motor vehicles can be equipped with the electric power system of the invention. Motor vehicle 410 has an extended cab 411 for accommodating the vehicle operator and passengers. A box 412 for cargo is located behind the cab. Front wheels 413 and 414 and rear drive wheels 416 and 417 support vehicle 410 on a surface of a road. As shown in FIG. 18, rear wheels 416 and 417 are drivably connected to a differential 418 with axles 419 and 429. A drive shaft 422 is coupled to a five-speed manual transmission with overdrive 423. A universal joint 424 connects drive shaft 422 with transmission 423. The transmission 423 can be an automatic transmission with overdrive.

The magnet power transmission 425 has a first disk assembly 426 located adjacent a second disk assembly 427. A spacer, washer or thrust bearing 428 maintains a lateral space relation between disk assemblies 426 and 427 whereby a magnetic flux force transmits torque from disk assembly 426 to disk assembly 427. Disk assembly 427 is laterally moved away from disk assembly 426 to reduce and terminate the transfer of torque from disk assembly 426 to disk assembly 427. Disk assembly 426 is mounted on the drive shaft 459 of an electric motor 429. An electric power supply or battery 431 provides electric power to operate electric motor 429. Motor 429 is a d.c. electric motor having 100 or more horsepower. An electric cable 432 wires battery 431 to motor 429. A controller 433 in communication with cable 432 regulates the speed of operation of motor 429. Controller 433 can be manually controlled or regulated with an automatic speed control electronics. As shown in FIGS. 19 and 20, electric motor 429 is supported on vehicle frame 439 with a pair of brackets 441. Fasteners 442 secure bracelets 441 to frame 439. A housing 443 located over disk assemblies 426 and 427 is secured with fasteners 446 to frame 439. As shown in Figure 21, a pair of plates 447 and 448 connected with horizontal rods 449 and 451 connect electric motor 429 to transmission 423.

First disk assembly 426, shown in FIGS. 21, 22 and 23, comprises a cylindrical body 461 joined to a hub 463 fixed to the motor drive shaft 459. A pair of fasteners 463 and 464, shown as set screws, lock hub 462 on shaft 459. Hub 462 and shaft 459 can have cooperating splines (not shown) to drivably connect shaft 459 to hub 462 and body 461. As shown in FIG. 22, body 461 has a plurality of cylindrical bores 466-473 accommodating cylindrical permanent magnets 477-484. The magnets 477-484 are in a circular arrangement parallel to the axis of rotation of shaft 459. Eight circumferentially spaced magnets 477-484 are shown in FIG. 22. The number and size of the magnets as well as the diameter of body 461 can vary. Magnets 477-484 are rare earth permanent magnets, such as neodymium magnets. Other types of permanent magnets can be retained on body 461 to provide a flux field that drivably couples disk assembly 426 with disk assembly 427. As shown in FIGS. 21 and 23, an annular flat ring 486 of non-magnetic material surrounds hub 462 and engages the outside radial surface of body 461. Ring 486 covers the outside faces of magnets 477-484. Fasteners, such as bolts (not shown) secure ring 486 to body 461. First disk assembly 426 need not include ring 486 as magnets 477-484 are located in a relative snug or tight fit in bores 466-473.

Second disk assembly 427, shown in FIGS. 21, 24 and 25, has a cylindrical body 491. Body 491 is a non-magnetic member having a plurality of bores 494-501 accommodating cylindrical permanent magnets 504-511. Magnets 504-511 have a polarity opposite the polarity of magnets 477-484. Body 491 is joined to a hub 492. Body 491 and hub 492 have a center bore slidable accommodating a power output shaft 493 connected to the transmission of the vehicle. Shaft 493, hub 492 and body 491 have cooperating splines that drivably couple body 491 and hub 492 to shaft 493 and allow axial movement of body 491 and hub 492 along the length of shaft 493. As shown in FIGS. 25 and 26, a flat ring or annular plate 512 of non-magnetic material surrounds hub 492. A plurality of fasteners 513-516 secures ring 512 to the outside face of hub 491 covering the outside ends of magnets 504-511.

A hydraulic piston and cylinder assembly 536 responsive to fluid under pressure from a master cylinder actuated with a foot pedal, as shown in FIG. 13 incorporated herein by reference, operates a lever mechanism to selectively move second disk assembly 427 toward and away from first disk assembly 426 thereby changing the spacing between disk assemblies 426 and 427. A maximum flux force between disk assemblies is achieved with a close space between disk assemblies 426 and 427. When disk assembly 427 is moved away from disk assembly 426, the flux force is reduced thereby reducing the torque transfer from disk assembly 426 to disk assembly 427. Lever mechanism comprises a yoke 434 pivoted with pivot members or pins 532 to opposite sides of a thrust bearing 526. As shown in FIG. 25, a snap ring 527 retains bearing 526 in contact with an annular shoulder 528 on hub 492. Yoke 434 has a lower end pivoted with a pivot member 531 to a support 529. The opposite or upper end of yoke is pivoted with a pivot member 534 to a link 533 connected to hydraulic piston and cylinder assembly 536. When yoke 434 is moved in a clockwise direction, shown by arrow 535, first disk assembly 427 slides along shaft 493 away from disk assembly 426. Movement of yoke 434 in a counterclockwise direction moves disk assembly 427 toward disk assembly 426 to increase the power transfer or torque from disk assembly 426 to disk assembly 427. This torque transfer is achieved by the flux force between magnets 477-484 and magnets 504-511.

A modification of the disk assembly 657, shown in FIG. 27 has a non-magnetic body 661. Body 661 has a center opening 662 surrounded with a cylindrical wall with splines 663 adopted to slidably locate disk assembly 657 on power output shaft 493. The disk assembly 657 can also be mounted on motor drive shaft 459. Body 661 has a circular arrangement of first bores 664. The first bores shown in FIG. 27 has 18 cylindrical bores with cylindrical permanent magnets 666. Located radially inward from the first row of magnets 666 is a second circularly arranged second bores 667 accommodating cylindrical magnets 668. The number of bores 664 and 667 can be changed along with the number and size of the magnets.

There have been shown and described several embodiments of a motor vehicle having an electric motor with a magnet power transmission. Changes in materials, structures, arrangement of structure and magnets can be made by persons skilled in the art without departing from the invention. 

The invention claimed is:
 1. A magnet power transmission comprising: a first shaft, a first body of magnetic material, a first hub connected to the first body drivably mounted on the first shaft, a copper member secured to the first body, a second shaft, a second body of non-magnetic material located adjacent the copper member, said second body having a plurality of axial bores located in a circular arrangement in said second body, a second hub connected to the second body drivably and slidably mounted on the second shaft, said second hub and second shaft having cooperating members drivably and slideably connecting the second body to the second shaft, a spacer mounted on the second shaft to maintain a space between the second body and copper member secured to the first body, a thrust bearing located around the second shaft and engageable with the first body to maintain axial alignment of the first and second shafts, a permanent magnet located in each of said bores providing a flux force between said first and second bodies to drivably couple said first and second bodies whereby on rotation of the first shaft the second shaft is rotated, and a control device operatively connected to the second body operable to selectively move the second body on the second shaft toward and away from the copper member to vary the flux force between the first and second bodies and the rotational speed of the second shaft.
 2. The magnet power transmission of claim 1 wherein: the first body has a center opening, said second shaft having an end member located in said opening, and an annular bearing mounted on the end member and engageable with the first body.
 3. A magnet power transmission comprising: a first shaft, a first body of magnetic material mounted on the first shaft, a copper member secured to the first body, a second shaft, a second body of non-magnetic material located adjacent the copper member, said second body having a plurality of bores located in a circular arrangement in said second body, said second body and second shaft having cooperating members drivable and slideably connecting the second body to the shaft, a permanent magnet located in each of said bores providing a flux force between said first and second bodies to drivably couple said first and second bodies whereby on rotation of the first shaft the second shaft is rotated, the second shaft having an end, a spacer member mounted on the end of the second shaft engageable with the first body to maintain a space between the copper member on the first body and the permanent magnets located in the bores of the second body, and a control device operatively connected to the second body operable to selectively move the second body on the second shaft toward and away from the copper member on the first body to vary the flux force between the first and second bodies and the rotational speed of the second shaft.
 4. A magnet power transmission comprising: a first shaft, a first body of magnetic material mounted on the first shaft, a copper member secured to the first body, a second shaft, a second body of non-magnetic material located adjacent the copper member, said second body having a plurality of axial bores located in a circular arrangement in said second body, said second body and second shaft having cooperating members drivably and slideably connecting the second body to the second shaft, a permanent magnet located in each of said bores providing a flux force between said first and second bodies to drivably couple said first and second bodies whereby on rotation of the first shaft the second shaft is rotated, and a control device operatively connected to the second body operable to selectively move the second body on the second shaft toward and away from the copper member to vary the flux force between the first and second bodies and the rotational speed of the second shaft, the control device including, a thrust bearing located around the second shaft and engageable with the second body, at least one member connected to the thrust bearing, at least one fluid operated piston and cylinder assembly connected to the member to move the second body toward the copper member to increase the flux force between the copper member and permanent magnets and regulate the speed of rotation of the second body and second shaft, and at least one biasing member operatively connected to said one member to move the second body away from the copper disk to reduce the flux force between the copper member and permanent magnets.
 5. The magnet power transmission of claim 4 including: a first hub connected to the first body drivably mounted on the first shaft, and a second hub connected to the second body drivably and slidably mounted on the second shaft.
 6. A motor vehicle having a gear box operatively connected to drive wheels, characterized by: an electric motor, an electric power source connected to the electric motor for supplying electric power to the electric motor, a control operable to regulate the speed of the electric motor, a magnet power transmission connected to the electric motor and transmission operable to transfer torque from the electric motor to the gear box of the vehicle, the magnet power transmission including a first disk assembly drivably connected to the electric motor to rotate the first disk assembly, a second disk assembly drivably connected to the transmission, said second disk assembly located adjacent the first disk assembly, at least one permanent magnet mounted on one of the first or second disk assemblies establishing a flux force between the first and second disk assemblies whereby upon rotation of the first disk assembly by operation of the electric motor the second disk assembly is rotated thereby supplying power to the transmission to operate the motor vehicle.
 7. The motor vehicle of claim 6 wherein: the control includes a manual device actuated by a vehicle operator to regulate the speed of the electric motor.
 8. The motor vehicle of claim 6 including: a control assembly operatively connected to the second disk assembly to selectively move the second disk assembly toward and away from the first disk assembly to change the flux force between the first and second disk assemblies thereby vary the rotating speed of the second disk assembly.
 9. The motor vehicle of claim 8 wherein: the control assembly includes a thrust bearing engageable with the second disk assembly, at least one member connected to the thrust bearing, at least one fluid operated piston and cylinder assembly connected to the member to move the second disk assembly toward the first disk assembly to increase the flux force between the first and second disk assemblies and regulate the speed of rotation of the second disk assembly, and at least one biasing member associated with the one member to move the second disk assembly away from the first disk assembly to reduce the flux force between the first and second disk assemblies.
 10. The motor vehicle of claim 6 wherein: the first disk assembly includes a copper member facing the second disk assembly, said magnet including a plurality of magnets mounted on the second disk assembly facing the copper member, said magnets located in a circular arrangement on the second disk assembly with adjacent magnets having opposite polarities.
 11. The motor vehicle of claim 6 wherein: the first disk assembly includes a cylindrical body of magnet material having a face, a hub connected to the body drivably connected to the electric motor, a copper member located on the face of the body, and fasteners securing the copper member to the body.
 12. The motor vehicle of claim 11 wherein: the second disk assembly includes a cylindrical body of non-magnet material having circumferentially spaced bores, and a permanent magnet located in each of said bores, said magnets being axially spaced from the copper member of the first disk assembly, adjacent magnets having opposite polarities to establish a flux force between the magnets and copper member.
 13. The motor vehicle of claim 6 wherein: the first and second disk assemblies each include a body of non-magnetic material having circumferentially spaced bores, and a permanent magnet located in each of said bores to establish a flux force between the magnets on the first and second disk assemblies.
 14. The motor vehicle of claim 6 wherein: said electric motor includes a motor drive shaft, said first disk assembly including a body mounted on the motor drive shaft whereby the electric motor rotates the first disk assembly, a copper member secured to the body, a second shaft connected to the transmission for transmitting power to the transmission, said second disk assembly having a cylindrical body having a plurality of axial extended bores located in a circular arrangement on said body, a hub connected to the body and slidably mounted on the second shaft for axial movement on said second shaft, a permanent magnet located in each of said bores adjacent magnets having opposite polarities, and a control assembly operatively connected to the second disk assembly to selectively move the second disk assembly axially relative to the second shaft toward and away from the copper member of the first disk assembly to change the flux force between the first and second disk assemblies thereby vary the rotating speed of the second disk assembly.
 15. The motor vehicle of claim 14 wherein: the control assembly includes a thrust bearing around the second shaft engageable with the second disk assembly, at least one member connected to the thrust bearing, at least one fluid operated piston and cylinder assembly connected to the member to move the second disk assembly toward the first disk assembly to increase the flux force between the first and second disk assemblies and regulate the speed of rotation of the second disk assembly, and at least one biasing member associated with the one member to move the second disk assembly away from the first disk assembly to reduce the flux force between the first and second disk assemblies.
 16. A magnet power transmission for drivably coupling a first shaft to a second shaft comprising: a first disk assembly adapted to be drivably connected to the first shaft to rotate with the first shaft, a second disk assembly adapted to be drivably and slidably connected to the second shaft, said second disk assembly being located adjacent the first disk assembly, at least one permanent magnet mounted on one of the first or second disk assemblies establishing a flux force between the first and second disk assemblies whereby upon rotation of the first shaft the second disk assembly and second shaft are rotated, and a control assembly operatively connected to the second disk assembly to selectively slide the second disk assembly along the second shaft toward and away from the first disk assembly to change the flux force between the first and second disk assemblies thereby varying the rotational speed of the second disk assembly and second shaft, the control assembly including a thrust bearing engageable with the second disk assembly, at least one member connected to the thrust bearing, at least one fluid operated piston and cylinder assembly connected to the member to move the second disk assembly toward the first disk assembly to increase the flux force between the first and second assemblies and regulate the speed of rotation of the second disk assembly and the second shaft, and at least one biasing member associated with the one member to move the second disk assembly away from the first disk assembly to reduce the flux force between the first and second disk assemblies.
 17. The magnet power transmission of claim 16 wherein: the first disk assembly has a first hub adapted to be drivably connected to the first shaft to rotate with the first shaft, and the second disk assembly having a second hub drivably connected and slidably mounted on the second shaft for axial movement on the second shaft.
 18. The magnet power transmission of claim 16 wherein: the first disk assembly includes a copper member facing the second disk assembly, said permanent magnet including a plurality of permanent magnets mounted on the second disk assembly facing the copper member, said permanent magnets located in a circular arrangement on the second disk assembly with adjacent permanent magnets having opposite polarities.
 19. The magnet power transmission of claim 16 wherein: the first disk assembly includes a cylindrical body of magnet material having a face, a hub connected to the body drivably connected to the first shaft, a copper member located on the face of the body, and fasteners securing the copper member to the body, the second disk assembly including a cylindrical body of non-magnet material having circumferentially spaced bores, and a permanent magnet located in each of said bores, said permanent magnets being axially spaced from the copper member of the first disk assembly, adjacent permanent magnets having opposite polarities to establish a flux force between the permanent magnets and copper member.
 20. A magnet power transmission for drivably coupling a first shaft to a second shaft comprising: a first disk assembly adapted to be drivably connected to the first shaft to rotate with a first shaft, a second disk assembly adapted to be drivably and slidably connected to a second shaft, said second disk assembly being located adjacent the first disk assembly, a spacer located between the first and second disk assemblies to maintain a lateral space between the first and second disk assemblies, the first and second disk assemblies each including a body of non-magnetic material having circumferentially spaced bores, and a permanent magnet located in each of said bores to establish a flux force between the magnets on the first and second disk assemblies whereby upon rotation of the first shaft the second disk assembly and second shaft are rotated.
 21. The magnet power transmission of claim 20 including: a control assembly operatively connected to the second disk assembly to selectively slide the second disk assembly along the second shaft toward and away from the first disk assembly to change the flux force between the first and second disk assemblies thereby varying the rotational speed of the second disk assembly and second shaft.
 22. The magnet power transmission of claim 20 wherein: the body of non-magnetic material of the first disk assembly comprises a cylindrical disk having a plurality of bores located in a circular arrangement in the disk, and a hub connected to the disk adapted to be drivably mounted on the first shaft.
 23. The magnet power transmission of claim 20 wherein: the body of non-magnetic material of the second disk assembly comprises a cylindrical disk having a plurality of bores located in circular arrangement in the disk, and a hub connected to the disk adapted to be drivably connected and axially movable on the second shaft. 